| Property | Specification |
| Appearance | Small, round, wrinkled black or dark brown berries (dried) |
| Color | Black to dark brown |
| Odor | Pungent, aromatic, spicy |
| Taste | Hot, spicy, pungent |
| Form | Whole berries, crushed, or powdered |
| Moisture Content | 8-12% |
| Particle Size | 60-80 mesh (for powdered black pepper) |
| Bulk Density | 0.55-0.65 g/cm³ |
| Solubility | Insoluble in water |
| pH (of aqueous solution) | 5.0-6.0 |
| Specific Gravity | 1.2-1.4 |